Earth Observing 1

http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2006/26oct_sensorweb.htm

EO-1
is a new breed of satellite that can think for itself. "We
programmed it to notice things that change (like the plume
of a volcano) and take appropriate action," Chien explains.
EO-1 can re-organize its own priorities to study volcanic
eruptions, flash-floods, forest fires, disintegrating sea-ice—in
short, anything unexpected.