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H.R. 5674: Protection Against Transmission of HIV for Women and Youth Act of 2006

H.R. 5674



109th U.S. Congress (2005-2006)





To require the President and the Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator to establish a comprehensive and integrated HIV prevention strategy to address the vulnerabilities of women and girls in countries for which the United States provides assistance to combat HIV/AIDS, and for other purposes.

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Bill Status



Summary



Other Info



Status: Introduced

This bill is in the first step in the legislative process. Introduced bills go first to committees that deliberate, investigate, and revise bills before they go to general debate. The majority of bills never make it out of committee.

Bill Overview

Introduced: Jun 22, 2006

Sponsor:

Rep. Barbara Lee [D-CA]show cosponsors (84)

Cosponsors

Rep. Neil Abercrombie [D-HI]

Rep. Shelley Berkley [D-NV]

Rep. Howard Berman [D-CA]

Rep. Sanford Bishop [D-GA]

Rep. Earl Blumenauer [D-OR]

Rep. Corrine Brown [D-FL]

Rep. Sherrod Brown [D-OH]

Rep. Lois Capps [D-CA]

Rep. Michael Capuano [D-MA]

Rep. Benjamin Cardin [D-MD]

Rep. Russ Carnahan [D-MO]

Rep. Julia Carson [D-IN]

Rep. Donna Christensen [D-VI]

Rep. William Clay [D-MO]

Rep. James Clyburn [D-SC]

Rep. John Conyers [D-MI]

Rep. Joseph Crowley [D-NY]

Rep. Elijah Cummings [D-MD]

Rep. Danny Davis [D-IL]

Rep. William Delahunt [D-MA]

Rep. Lloyd Doggett [D-TX]

Rep. Chaka Fattah [D-PA]

Rep. Barney Frank [D-MA]

Rep. Al Green [D-TX]

Rep. Raul Grijalva [D-AZ]

Rep. Luis Gutiérrez [D-IL]

Rep. Jane Harman [D-CA]

Rep. Alcee Hastings [D-FL]

Rep. Maurice Hinchey [D-NY]

Rep. Rush Holt [D-NJ]

Rep. Michael Honda [D-CA]

Rep. Jesse Jackson [D-IL]

Rep. Sheila Jackson-Lee [D-TX]

Rep. William Jefferson [D-LA]

Rep. Eddie Johnson [D-TX]

Rep. Stephanie Jones [D-OH]

Rep. Carolyn Kilpatrick [D-MI]

Rep. Dennis Kucinich [D-OH]

Rep. Tom Lantos [D-CA]

Rep. James Leach [R-IA]

Rep. John Lewis [D-GA]

Rep. Zoe Lofgren [D-CA]

Rep. Carolyn Maloney [D-NY]

Rep. Carolyn McCarthy [D-NY]

Rep. Betty McCollum [D-MN]

Rep. James McDermott [D-WA]

Rep. James McGovern [D-MA]

Rep. Cynthia McKinney [D-GA]

Rep. Kendrick Meek [D-FL]

Rep. Gregory Meeks [D-NY]

Rep. Bradley Miller [D-NC]

Rep. George Miller [D-CA]

Rep. Dennis Moore [D-KS]

Rep. Gwen Moore [D-WI]

Rep. James Moran [D-VA]

Rep. Jerrold Nadler [D-NY]

Rep. Richard Neal [D-MA]

Rep. Eleanor Norton [D-DC]

Rep. Major Owens [D-NY]

Rep. Frank Pallone [D-NJ]

Rep. Donald Payne [D-NJ]

Rep. David Price [D-NC]

Rep. Charles Rangel [D-NY]

Rep. Bobby Rush [D-IL]

Rep. Bernard Sanders [I-VT]

Rep. Janice Schakowsky [D-IL]

Rep. Adam Schiff [D-CA]

Rep. Robert Scott [D-VA]

Rep. Christopher Shays [R-CT]

Rep. Robert Simmons [R-CT]

Rep. Adam Smith [D-WA]

Rep. Hilda Solis [D-CA]

Rep. Fortney Stark [D-CA]

Rep. Ellen Tauscher [D-CA]

Rep. John Tierney [D-MA]

Rep. Edolphus Towns [D-NY]

Rep. Christopher Van Hollen [D-MD]

Rep. Maxine Waters [D-CA]

Rep. Diane Watson [D-CA]

Rep. Melvin Watt [D-NC]

Rep. Henry Waxman [D-CA]

Rep. Robert Wexler [D-FL]

Rep. Lynn Woolsey [D-CA]

Rep. Albert Wynn [D-MD]

Cosponsorship information sometimes is out of date.

Last Action: Jun 22, 2006: Referred to the House Committee on International Relations.

Full Text: Text or PDF

[CitizenJoe] Learn more about Class Size, Foreign Aid, or Reproductive Health and Family Planning.

Committee Assignments



This bill is in the first stage of the legislative process where the bill is considered in committee and may undergo significant changes in markup sessions. The bill has been referred to the following committees:

House International Relations

GovTrack: H.R. 5674: Protection Against Transmission of HIV for Women and Youth Act of 2006

Earth Observing 1

http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2006/26oct_sensorweb.htm

EO-1
is a new breed of satellite that can think for itself. "We
programmed it to notice things that change (like the plume
of a volcano) and take appropriate action," Chien explains.
EO-1 can re-organize its own priorities to study volcanic
eruptions, flash-floods, forest fires, disintegrating sea-ice—in
short, anything unexpected.

Belinda Carlisle in Moscow (live 2006)

---

Discovery Channel :: News - Travel :: China's Yellow River Turns Red

Discovery Channel :: News - Travel :: China's Yellow River Turns Red:

"Oct. 24, 2006 — A half-mile section of China's Yellow River turned 'red and smelly' after an unknown discharge was poured into it from a sewage pipe, state media said Monday.

The incident in Lanzhou, a city of 2 million people in western Gansu province, follows a string of industrial accidents that have poisoned major rivers in China over the last year, forcing several cities to shut down their water systems."

The Dilbert Blog: Good News Day

The Dilbert Blog: Good News Day:

"The day before yesterday, while helping on a homework assignment, I noticed I could speak perfectly in rhyme. Rhyme was a context I hadn’t considered. A poem isn’t singing and it isn’t regular talking. But for some reason the context is just different enough from normal speech that my brain handled it fine.

Jack be nimble, Jack be quick.
Jack jumped over the candlestick.

I repeated it dozens of times, partly because I could. It was effortless, even though it was similar to regular speech. I enjoyed repeating it, hearing the sound of my own voice working almost flawlessly. I longed for that sound, and the memory of normal speech. Perhaps the rhyme took me back to my own childhood too. Or maybe it’s just plain catchy. I enjoyed repeating it more than I should have. Then something happened.

My brain remapped.

My speech returned."

These bacteria use radiated water as food

These bacteria use radiated water as food:

"BLOOMINGTON, Ind. -- Researchers from Indiana University Bloomington and eight collaborating institutions report in this week's Science a self-sustaining community of bacteria that live in rocks 2.8 kilometers below Earth's surface. Think that's weird? The bacteria rely on radioactive uranium to convert water molecules to useable energy.

The discovery is a confirmed expansion of Earth's biosphere, the three-dimensional shell that encompasses all planetary life.

The research has less Earthly implications, however. It will likely fuel optimism that life exists in other deep subsurface environments, such as in groundwater beneath the permafrost on Mars."

FDA Approves Once-Daily JANUVIA(TM), the First and Only DPP-4 Inhibitor Available in the United States for Type 2 Diabetes - AlphaTrade FN

FDA Approves Once-Daily JANUVIA(TM), the First and Only DPP-4 Inhibitor Available in the United States for Type 2 Diabetes - AlphaTrade FN:

"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved JANUVIA(TM) (sitagliptin phosphate), the first and only DPP-4 inhibitor available in the United States for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. JANUVIA has been approved as monotherapy and as add-on therapy to either of two other types of oral diabetes medications, metformin or thiazolidinediones (TZDs), to improve blood sugar (glucose) control in patients with type 2 diabetes when diet and exercise is not enough. The recommended dose of JANUVIA is 100 mg once daily. JANUVIA should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, as it would not be effective in these settings."

Vitamin D levels linked to breast cancer progression

Vitamin D levels linked to breast cancer progression

17/10/2006 - Increasing vitamin D levels may help curb the development and progression of breast cancer, suggests a small study from Imperial College London.

“This report, while being an observational study, clearly shows that circulating vitamin D levels are lower in patients with advanced breast cancer than in those with early breast cancer,” wrote lead author Dr Carlo Palmieri in the Journal of Clinical Pathology (doi.10.1136/jcp.2006.042747).

Both forms of the vitamin, D2 and D3, are hydroxylated in the liver and kidneys to form 25-hydroxyvitamin D, the non-active ‘storage' form, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the biologically active form that is tightly controlled by the body. Scientists use serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D levels as a measure of vitamin D status.

This observation adds to an ever-growing body of evidence linking vitamin D status with incidence and risk of various cancers, including breast, colorectal and prostate. Indeed, the link between vitamin D intake and protection from cancer is not and dates from the 1940s when Frank Apperly demonstrated a link between latitude and deaths from cancer, and suggested that sunlight gave “a relative cancer immunity.”

Dynamic Stark Control of Photochemical Processes -- Sussman et al. 314 (5797): 278 -- Science

Dynamic Stark Control of Photochemical Processes -- Sussman et al. 314 (5797): 278 -- Science

Dynamic Stark Control of Photochemical Processes

Benjamin J. Sussman,^1,2 Dave Townsend,¹ Misha Yu. Ivanov,¹ Albert Stolow^1,2*

A method is presented for controlling the outcome of photochemical reactions by using the dynamic Stark effect due to a strong, nonresonant infrared field. The application of a precisely timed infrared laser pulse reversibly modifies potential energy barriers during a chemical reaction without inducing any real electronic transitions. Dynamic Stark control (DSC) is experimentally demonstrated for a nonadiabatic photochemical reaction, showing substantial modification of reaction channel probabilities in the dissociation of IBr. The DSC process is nonperturbative and insensitive to laser frequency and affects all polarizable molecules, suggesting broad applicability.

¹ Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
² Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.

Report Says Nonprofits Sold Influence to Abramoff - washingtonpost.com

Report Says Nonprofits Sold Influence to Abramoff - washingtonpost.com

By James V. Grimaldi and Susan Schmidt
Washington Post Staff Writers
Friday, October 13, 2006; 1:32 AM

Five conservative nonprofit organizations, including one run by prominent Republican Grover Norquist, "appear to have perpetrated a fraud" on taxpayers by selling their clout to lobbyist Jack Abramoff, Senate investigators said in a report issued yesterday.

The report includes previously unreleased e-mails between the now-disgraced lobbyist and officers of the nonprofit groups, showing that Abramoff funneled money from his clients to the groups. In exchange, the groups, among other things, produced ostensibly independent newspaper op-ed columns or news releases that favored the clients' positions.

Officers of the groups "were generally available to carry out Mr. Abramoff's requests for help with his clients in exchange for cash payments," said the report, issued by the Senate Finance Committee. The report was written by the Democratic staff after a yearlong investigation and authorized by the Republican chairman, Sen. Charles E. Grassley (R-Iowa).

Abramoff has pleaded guilty to fraud and conspiracy and could go to prison as early as next month. Prosecution and defense lawyers jointly filed papers yesterday asking a judge to recommend that he be sent to a federal facility in Cumberland, Md., to make it easier for him to cooperate with the ongoing probe. The investigation has resulted in one conviction and seven guilty pleas -- including one from a lawmaker, Rep. Robert W. Ney (R-Ohio), who is to appear today before a federal judge in the District.

The Senate report released yesterday states that the nonprofit groups probably violated their tax-exempt status "by laundering payments and then disbursing funds at Mr. Abramoff's direction; taking payments in exchange for writing newspaper columns or press releases that put Mr. Abramoff's clients in a favorable light; introducing Mr. Abramoff's clients to government officials in exchange for payment; and agreeing to act as a front organization for congressional trips paid for by Mr. Abramoff's clients."

High Dynamic Range (HDR) Photography in Photoshop CS2

High Dynamic Range (HDR) Photography in Photoshop CS2:

"High dyanmic range (HDR) images enable photographers to record a greater range of tonal detail than a given camera could capture in a single photo. This opens up a whole new set of lighting possibilities which one might have previously avoided—for purely technical reasons. The new 'merge to HDR' feature of Photoshop CS2 allows the photographer to combine a series of bracketed exposures into a single image which encompasses the tonal detail of the entire series. There is no free lunch however; trying to broaden the tonal range will inevitably come at the expense of decreased contrast in some tones. Learning to use the merge to HDR feature in Photoshop CS2 can help you make the most of your dynamic range under tricky lighting—while still balancing this trade-off with contrast."

The "Citizendium"

The "Citizendium"

Science & Technology at Scientific American.com: Tiny Genome May Reflect Organelle in the Making

Science & Technology at Scientific American.com: Tiny Genome May Reflect Organelle in the Making:

"The bacterial species having the smallest genomes are typically those that spend their entire lives inside a host, exchanging nutrients that the host cannot synthesize in return for free room and board. Because the host supplies nourishment for these so-called endosymbionts, they are able to get by with fewer genes of their own. This reduction seemed to have limits, though. By randomly damaging bacteria, researchers had found about 300 genes essential for their growth. Accordingly, endosymbionts had never really dipped below a genomic sequence length of 500,000 to 600,000 base pairs."

Enter Carsonella rudii, which lives inside a special collection of cells in the abdomen of a certain psyllid, a flying insect that feeds on amino acid-deficient plant sap. Carsonella's genome is a mere 160,000 base pairs long, report Nancy Moran of the University of Arizona and her colleagues in the October 13 Science. The streamlined microbe contains at most 182 genes, which are smaller and overlap more with one another than is usual for bacteria. C. rudii is rich in genes for protein synthesis but lacks many genes for membrane synthesis, energy metabolism and DNA replication. Some of these genes may have been transferred to the host, which could be supplying its symbiont with essential enzymes, Moran notes. "If so, it would be very much like an organelle," she says. The mitochondrion and chloroplast are presumed endosymbionts that were assimilated into nascent plant and animal cells long ago. "This has never been shown to happen in an animal cell, because it's more difficult, but it's possible that Carsonella has basically done the same thing,"

Ribosomal RNA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ribosomal RNA - Wikipedia

What is 16s rRNA

What is 16s rRNA

CDC - Sequencing of 16S rRNA Gene: A Rapid Tool for Identification of Bacillus anthracis

CDC - Sequencing of 16S rRNA Gene:

Bacteria Don't Have Species :: Astrobiology Magazine ::

Bacteria Don't Have Species :: Astrobiology Magazine :::

"Astrobiology Magazine: You have argued that bacteria don't have species. I wonder if you could explain that idea.

Lynn Margulis: Bacteria are much more of a continuum. They drop their genes all the time. Like we say in What is Life?, it's like going swimming in a swimming pool, going in blue-eyed and coming out brown-eyed, just because you've gulped the water. Obviously, animals don't do that. But that's what bacteria do, all the time. They just pick up genes, they throw away genes, and they are very flexible about that.

Say you have a bacterium like Azotobacter. This is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium. It takes nitrogen out of the air and puts it into useable food. Nitrogen fixing is a big deal. It takes a lot of genes. If you put a little something like arsenium bromide in a test tube with these organisms, and put it in a refrigerator overnight, lo and behold, the next day the cells can't do this anymore, they can't fix nitrogen. So by definition you have to change them from one genus to another."